About Zoonotic Disease

Diseases or parasites that can be transmitted from animals including dogs to humans are called zoonotic diseases. A well-known example, rabies, can be transmitted by a rabid dog bite. That’s why rabies vaccinations are required for dogs by law in most states.

The transmission of parasites from dogs to humans is rare, but does occur. The parasites we refer to here are heartworms, hookworms, roundworms. Heartworm is unlikely to be transmitted, and even less likely to cause disease in humans. Hookworms and roundworms can be transmitted to humans through ingestion of dog feces, or anything contaminated with dog feces (as well as the feces of some wild animals including raccoons).

The infection occurs when the eggs or larvae, which are excreted in the feces, contaminate the environment (soil, sand etc.). The eggs can survive for years in the environment, and some are “sticky” which aids in their distribution on footwear, toys, etc.. Infection can occur when larvae in the environment penetrate skin (when placed in contact), or when eggs are ingested with soil or other contaminated particles.
Infections can result in itchy, rash like reactions (most of which heal on their own), or in rare cases, skin lesions, diarrhea, nausea and fever, or loss of vision.

People at risk of contracting zoonotic diseases are primarily those with undeveloped or weakened immune systems.

This includes very young children,

pregnant women, adults with certain medical conditions, the elderly and animal health care workers.

Infants and small children are often at risk because of their natural curiosity and propensity to put things in their mouths, including dirty fingers. Rooting in the dirt, picking up and ingesting grains of sand, and overly close physical contact with animals should be carefully monitored.

Being aware of the proper handling of animals and their wastes, and understanding what contact and behavior should be avoided can virtually eliminate any risk of contracting zoonotic diseases.